FADO OdieAuroraJM (v.1) - Short Manual

1) Introductory notes

This document provides a concise overview of the main invocation options of
the population spectral synthesis (PSS) code FADO (Gomes & Papaderos 2017,
A&A, ??, ??). The tarball file FADO_v1.tar.gz (see Appendix C) contains,
besides the FADO (v.1) binary, all necessary auxiliary files for executing
FADO, along with three 1D spectra (in ascii format) from SDSS DR7 
(de-redshifted and corrected for foreground Galactic extinction) and a library
of simple stellar population (SSP) spectra from Bruzual & Charlot (2003,
MNRAS, 344, 1000) for demonstration purposes.

It is important to bear in mind that a distinctive characteristic of FADO is
its ability to identify the star formation- and chemical enrichment history
(SFH and CEH, respectively) that self-consistently reproduce the nebular
characteristics (hydrogen Balmer-line luminosities and equivalent widths-EWs,
nebular continuum incl. the Balmer and Paschen jump) of a galaxy. For this
concept to work, the spectral indicators (e.g., Balmer-line luminosities and
EWs) taken into account in the fit (in particular, in its full-consistency
mode; FCmode) must be determinable from the input spectrum with sufficient
accuracy (which implies that a spectrum to be modeled must have a sufficient
S/N ratio and that it has been properly reduced). FADO (v.1) incorporates
various quality checks (e.g., automatic clipping of spurious spectral
features, examination of the supplied error spectrum and auto-determined
emission-line ratios) prior to fitting, however, it is the responsibility of
the user to make sure that an input spectrum to FADO is of adequate quality.

Note that FADO is an evolving project with regular updates foreseen. Please
consult:

http://www.spectralsynthesis.org or 
http://www.iastro.pt 

for a detailed documentation and address questions and requests to jean @ 
astro.up.pt or papaderos @ astro.up.pt.


2) FADO release version v.1

OdieAuroraJM is the first version of FADO (referred to in the following as
v.1). In order to verify your version type:

$ ./FADO -version


3) Acknowledgments and Legal Stuff

Publications making use of FADO (or derivatives of it) and its subsequent
releases must acknowledge the presentation article of the code by Gomes &
Papaderos (2017, A&A, ??, ??).

This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE by the grants
UID/FIS/04434/2013 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007672 and PTDC/FIS-AST/3214/2012 &
FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-029170. We acknowledge support by European Community
Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. PIRSES-GA-2013-612701
(SELGIFS). J.M.G. was supported by the fellowship SFRH/BPD/66958/2009 funded
by FCT (Portugal) and POPH/FSE (EC) and by the fellowship CIAAUP-04/2016-BPD
in the context of the FCT project UID/FIS/04434/2013 &
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007672. P.P. was supported by FCT through Investigador FCT
contract IF/01220/2013/CP1191/CT0002.  We thank Mayanna Gomes for the
invaluable discussions related to the field of genetics and Leandro Cardoso
for extensive tests of FADO.

By using FADO one implicitly agrees with the Copyright and Liability
statements that should be viewed by executing:

$ ./FADO -license

       FADO - DISCLAIMER

       THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED  BY THE COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS "AS IS"       
       AND ANY EXPRESS OR  IMPLIED WARRANTIES,  INCLUDING, BUT  NOT 
       LIMITED TO,  THE IMPLIED  WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY  AND 
       FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT 
       SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,  INDI- 
       RECT,   INCIDENTAL,  SPECIAL,  EXEMPLARY,  OR  CONSEQUENTIAL 
       DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBS- 
       TITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,  DATA, OR PROFITS; OR 
       BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED  AND  ON ANY THEORY OF 
       LIABILITY,  WHETHER  IN CONTRACT, STRICT  LIABILITY, OR TORT 
       (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)  ARISING  IN ANY WAY OUT 
       OF  THE  USE  OF  THIS  SOFTWARE, EVEN  IF  ADVISED  OF  THE 
       POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

FADO v.1 is intended for education and research purposes. The output from FADO
v.1 uses PGPLOT version 5.2.2 and CFTSIO version 3.370 subroutines. Below we
include the corresponding copyright notices that can also be viewed by
executing:

$ ./FADO -thirdpartylicenses or
$ ./FADO -thirdparty

***********************************************************************
*    PGPLOT Fortran Graphics Subroutine Library                       *
*    Version 5.2.2                                                    *
***********************************************************************

***********************************************************************
*                                                                     *
*  Copyright (c) 1983-2001 by the California Institute of Technology. *
*  All rights reserved.                                               *
*                                                                     *
*  For further information, contact:                                  *
*     Dr. T. J. Pearson                                               *
*     105-24 California Institute of Technology,                      *
*     Pasadena, California 91125, USA                                 *
*                                                                     *
*     tjp@astro.caltech.edu                                           *
*                                                                     *
* The PGPLOT library, both binary and source, and the PGPLOT manual   *
* `PGPLOT Graphics Subroutine Library' are copyrighted, but available *
* without fee for education, academic research and non-commercial     *
* purposes. Ownership of the software remains with the California     *
* Institute of Technology.  Users may distribute the binary and       *
* source code to third parties provided that the copyright notice and *
* this statement appears on all copies and that no charge is made for *
* such copies.  Any entity wishing to integrate all or part of the    *
* source code into a product for commercial use or resale should      *
* contact the author at the above address.                            *
*                                                                     *
* THE CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS     *
* ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF THE SOFTWARE FOR ANY PURPOSE.  IT IS       *
* PROVIDED `AS IS' WITHOUT EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY.  THE          *
* CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY      *
* DAMAGES SUFFERED BY THE USER OF THIS SOFTWARE.                      *
*                                                                     *
* The software may have been developed under agreements between the   *
* California Institute of Technology and the Federal Government which *
* entitle the Government to certain rights.                           *
*                                                                     *
***********************************************************************

***********************************************************************
*    CFTSIO                                                           *
*    Version 3.370                                                    *
***********************************************************************
*                                                                     *
* Copyright (Unpublished-all rights reserved under the copyright laws *
* of the United States), U.S. Government as represented by the        *
* Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space                 *
* Administration. No copyright is claimed in the United States under  *
* Title 17, U.S. Code.                                                *
*                                                                     *
* Permission to freely use, copy, modify, and distribute this software*
* and its documentation without fee is hereby granted, provided that  *
* this copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty appears in all     *
* copies.                                                             *
*                                                                     *
* DISCLAIMER:                                                         *
*                                                                     *
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS' WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,  *
* EITHER EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED *
* TO, ANY WARRANTY THAT THE SOFTWARE WILL CONFORM TO SPECIFICATIONS,  *
* ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR *
* PURPOSE, AND FREEDOM FROM INFRINGEMENT, AND ANY WARRANTY THAT THE   *
* DOCUMENTATION WILL CONFORM TO THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY WARRANTY THAT THE*
* SOFTWARE WILL BE ERROR FREE. IN NO EVENT SHALL NASA BE LIABLE FOR   *
* ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, DIRECT, INDIRECT,       *
* SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, ARISING OUT OF, RESULTING FROM, OR*
* IN ANY WAY CONNECTED WITH THIS SOFTWARE, WHETHER OR NOT BASED UPON  *
* WARRANTY, CONTRACT, TORT , OR OTHERWISE, WHETHER OR NOT INJURY WAS  *
* SUSTAINED BY PERSONS OR PROPERTY OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT   *
* LOSS WAS SUSTAINED FROM, OR AROSE OUT OF THE RESULTS OF, OR USE OF, *
* THE SOFTWARE OR SERVICES PROVIDED HEREUNDER.                        *
***********************************************************************


4) Brief remarks and concise manual 

To run FADO the user must have copied the editable files FADO.config and
PLOT.config in the directory where the binary is stored ($FADO_home, or in a
directory indicated by the "-c" option). FADO.config contains parameters
controlling the fitting scheme and PLOT.config those defining the graphical
output in encapsulated postscript (EPS) format (see [Note 7] and Appendix C
for a detailed explanation).

The spectral fitting output from FADO is stored in four FITS files with the
extension _1D, _EL, _ST and _DE (see Appendix B for details).

Various options (in random order) can be passed to FADO (use the command
"./FADO -help" or "./FADO -options" for further instructions). For a
standalone run the essential parameters expected by FADO are five:

$ ./FADO -i par1 -b par2 -s par3 -r par4 -d par5


Primary parameters that SHOULD be provided by the user for optimal fits
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

-i : spectrum to be modeled (e.g., "-i galaxy.fits"). Alternatively, a list of
     spectra can be provided with the -l option (see [Note 1])

-b : path to a directory containing the SSP base and the library of the SSPs
     to be used for the spectral modeling (e.g. "-b
     $FADO_home/SSPs/basefile"). An example of such a SSP base comes with the
     distribution tarball (the basefile is Base.BC03.L).
     
-s : the first two parameters indicate the spectral range used in the modeling
     and for which the synthetic best-fitting model is exported. The third
     parameter gives the wavelength stepsize at which the fit is computed and
     exported into FITS format (file extension: _1D) (example: "-s lambdamin
     lambdamax lambdastep"; see [Note 2]).

-r : resolution (mean FWHM across wavelength) of the input spectrum (example:
     "-r 2.3" for a spectrum from SDSS DR7). We note that it is essential to
     provide the spectrograph's resolution in order to optimize the fit
     solution.

-d : distance to the galaxy in Mpc (example: "-d 20"). If omitted, FADO
     assumes a distance of 10 Mpc for computing distance-dependent quantities
     (e.g. stellar masses, Lyman continuum photon rates).

     
Secondary (optional) parameters
-------------------------------

-c : directory containing the configuration file FADO.config. If omitted, FADO
     assumes that it is available at $FADO_home (example: "-c
     $FADO_home/ConfigFiles/FADO.config").  If not present in $FADO_home,
     FADO.config is automatically generated with default parameters (see
     Appendix A) upon first execution of FADO.
     
-e : Optional feature allowing the user to choose the extinction law. FADO v.1
     integrates two reddening laws:
    
     CALR: Stands for Calzetti (2001, PASP, 113, 1449C);
     CCMR: Stands for Cardelli, Clayton & Mathis (1988, ESASP, 281b, 215C).

     If no option is given, CCMR is used. Please be reminded that FADO does
     not correct spectra for Galactic foreground extinction. In case no
     correction for Galactic foreground extinction has been applied prior to
     running FADO, the computed visual extinction A_V, both in the stellar and
     nebular component, includes the Galactic contribution to the reddening.
  
-g : assumed physical conditions for the nebular component: if set to 0, a
     fixed electron temperature T_e and density n_e taken from the FADO.config
     file is going to be adopted. If this option is set to 1 (or not
     supplied), T_e and n_e are determined on-the-fly by FADO, whenever
     possible and meaningful, from an emission-line spectrum (see [Note 3]).
     
-l : list of spectra in a directory to be processed sequentially (e.g., "-l
     $FADO_home/InputSpectra/spectra.list"). This is equivalent to the -i
     option, and preferable for batch mode execution, since this reduces
     memory allocation and skips the need to repeatedly read and pre-process
     library SSPs. Obviously, the -i and -l option cannot be used
     simultaneously (this is prevented by FADO). The list of spectra can also
     be provided in a two-column format, with the first column listing the
     spectra and the second one containing the distance in Mpc. Please note
     that if the "-d" option is supplied together with the "-l" option, then
     all spectra in the list will be modeled assuming the same distance,
     i.e. the value provided by the "-d" option.

-o : directory where the model output should be stored (example: "-o
     $FADO_home/Results"). If omitted, the output from FADO will be exported
     in the directory where the input spectra are stored.
     
-p : as -o but for the graphical output. If omitted, the EPS output will be
     stored either in the directory indicated by the -o option or in the
     directory where the input spectra are located.
          
-t : table options to be used together with the -l command (see above) to
     redirect the output tables to a given directory. If omitted, the table
     output from FADO will be exported in the directory where the input
     spectra are stored. The tables created are always two with the following
     prefix: SampleEmissionEL_"$suffix_table".table and
     SampleStatistics_"$suffix_table".table. The $suffix_table can be chosen
     by invoking the -t option with both the directory and suffix; in case the
     latter is not provided then $suffix_table=FADO is used by default (e.g.,
     for example, SampleEmissionEL_FADO.table).  These ascii tables contain
     relevant output also stored in FITS format for individual spectra; since
     each row corresponds to a different spectrum, the -t option facilitates
     analysis of big datasets.

-u : flux units in erg/(s*cm**2) of the input spectrum. This parameter is
     necessary only in the exceptional case when the flux is not coming in
     erg/(s*cm**2), for example when the spectrum is passed in a 2-column
     ascii format, with the flux in the second column having being previously
     normalized to, e.g., 1.e-17 erg/(s*cm**2).

-z : determination of the redshift of the source. Two options associated with
     four parameters can be given: a) "-z min_recessional_velocity
     max_recessional_velocity delta_velocity".  This option will activate an
     automatic search for the recessional velocity between
     min/max_recessional_velocity (we recommend a velocity margin of +/- 400
     km/s for absorption-line spectra, whereas for emission-line spectra a
     larger range of +/-10^3 km/s is possible, on an experimental basis at
     this stage) (see [Note 4]).

-v : verbosity level (00 to 10). Use ./FADO -verbosity for more information.

-pdir: directory containing the configuration file PLOT.config. If omitted,
       FADO assumes that it is available at $FADO_home. If not present in
       $FADO_home, both configuration files are automatically generated with
       default parameters (see Appendix A) upon first execution of FADO.

       
------------------------------
Quick guide on how to run FADO
------------------------------

EXAMPLES:

*** Standalone runs ***
Modeling of a single spectrum (spec1.fits) that is stored in the directory
$FADO_home/InputSpectra and exportation of the results in the directory
$FADO_home/FADO_Output. The fit uses the SSP library Base.BC03.L that is
provided in the distribution tarball in the directory $FADO_home/SSPs. 
A synthetic spectrum with 2.0 Å/pixel will be computed for the wavelength range
between 2500 Å and 10000 Å. The input spectrum has a spectral resolution
(FWHM) of 1.8 Å and its redshift is between -400 and 400 km/s. The step used
in the cross-correlation scheme is 10 km/s. Minimal terminal output is requested.

$ ./FADO -i InputSpectra/spec1.fits -o FADO_Output -b SSPs/Base.BC03.L -s 2500 10000 2 -r 1.8 -z -400 400 10 -v 0


*** List of spectra ***
As 1 but for a list of spectra with a redshift known within approximately +/-
400 km/s. Instead of using an electron density n_e and temperature T_e
determined by FADO automatically from the input spectrum, standard conditions
(n_e,T_e: 100 cm**-3, 10**4 K, respectively) will be assumed (provided that
these values are given in lines 84 to 86 of the FADO.config file). Table 
output is redirected to FADO_tables directory. Terminal output at a highest verbosity
level (10) is requested.

$ ./FADO -l spectra.list -o FADO_Output -b SSPs/Base.BC03.L -s 2500 10000 2 -r 1.8 -z -400 400 10 -v 10 -g 0 -t FADO_tables


4) NOTES

[1] A flux- and wavelength-calibrated spectrum can be provided to FADO both as
an ascii or in standard FITS format. In the case of an ascii table, the first
and second column must contain the wavelength (Å) and the flux
(erg/s*cm**2). A third column will be interpreted as the error
spectrum. Likewise, FADO assumes that a second array in a FITS data file holds
the error spectrum. Whenever the latter is not provided by the user, it is
automatically estimated by FADO. Please note that intervals in which the
error spectrum is not given or has dubious (e.g., very high, zero or negative)
values are automatically substituted by the error spectrum being internally
computed by FADO. FADO does not require an input spectrum to be de-redshifted,
however, we recommend its application to de-redshifted spectra. Rebinning a
spectrum to a constant wavelength step is not needed (in fact, we recommend to
avoid rebinning of spectra prior to fitting, since this is done by FADO using
a flux-conserving routine). However, it is expected that the input spectrum
has been corrected for Galactic foreground extinction (not to be confused with
intrinsic galactic extinction) using, for instance, maps of dust IR emission
and the CMBR foreground for estimating the reddening (e.g., Schlegel, D.,
Finkbeiner, D., & Davis, M., ApJ, 1998, 500, 525).

[2] The three parameters passed to FADO with the option -s indicate,
respectively, the minimum and maximum wavelength in Å (lambdamin and
lambdamax, respectively) and wavelength step (lambdastep) of the best-fitting
synthetic model. The latter is stored in the FITS file with the extension _1D
and, depending on the fitting scheme used by FADO, it contains separately the
contribution of the stellar and nebular continuum component (IsNEBcOn=1, see
appendix A).

We note that lambdamin, lambdamax and lambdastep must not necessarily match
those of the input spectrum. For example, the best-fitting model to a spectrum
covering the spectral range between 3000 and 9000 Å in steps of 2 Å can be
computed for the spectral range between 2000 and 8000 in steps of 1 Å. On the
other hand, the choice of lambdastep must be meaningful. For example, when
modeling a spectrum with a spectral resolution of ~2 Å, it is generally of
little benefit to export the best-fitting SED with an lambdastep of 0.2 Å.
Conversely, choosing an unreasonably high lambdastep (say, 20 Å for an input
spectrum with a 2 Å FWHM) will erase a substantial part of the spectral
information encoded and almost certainly impact the fit.  This is because
several parts in the fitting procedure (e.g., automatic flagging of emission
lines, on-the-fly determination of the electron density from the
[SII]6717,6731 doublet, determination of Balmer-line fluxes and equivalent
widths) are executed at the spectral resolution defined by the -s (lambdastep)
and -r (Resolution) parameters.

As a rule of thumb, we recommend for lambdastep a value that is by a factor
~2.35 smaller than the mean FWHM resolution of the spectrum (for example, an
lambdastep of 1.0 Å for a SDSS DR7 spectrum with a mean resolution of 2.3 Å
FWHM would be a good choice).

[3] As described in the FADO presentation article (Gomes & Papaderos 2017),
whenever possible FADO computes on-the-fly n_e and T_e. In case standard
conditions are to be assumed, the option "-g 0" should be used. Since this
conflicts with the self-consistency principles of FADO it is not recommended
to use this option. Obviously, in the case of very noisy spectra (S/N <~ 10)
these two quantities are highly uncertain. If the electron density n_e is
uncertain or not correctly determined (which will lead FADO to adopt the n_e
indicated in the FADO.config) then it is generally doubtful that the electron
temperature T_e is correct (due to the weakness of the [OIII] 4363 line). A
critical inspection of the fit is recommendable in this case.

[4] The current version of FADO (v.1) permits automatic determination of the
recession velocity of emission-line galaxy spectra of moderate-to-good S/N
within a margin well beyond 1000 km/s with the option "-z -1000 1000
10". However, we recommend the usage of the redshift option between +/-400
km/s, i.e. "-z -400 400 10" in already de-redshifted spectra for the FADO v.1
version.

[5] FADO automatically determines and rejects emission-lines prior to and
during the fitting with a clipping technique.

[6] We recommend to not modify the parameters from the FADO (v.1) distribution
in the configuration file, specially those in the <FADO FITTING> section. For
instance, Self_Con should be always be set = 2 (see explanation in the main
paper and Appendix A).

[7] It should be noted that the color coding in the graphical output (EPS)
gives information on whether certain quantities could be reliably determined:
whenever possible, FADO determines the nebular physical conditions (e.g., T_e,
n_e, [NII]/Ha, [OIII]/Hb and EW(Halpha)) and, if successful, it displays the
results in red, otherwise in light blue. Quantities related to the stellar
population properties derived by FADO are displayed in black.


 

Appendix A: Brief description of the configuration files
--------------------------------------------------------

1) Configuration file for fitting with FADO
   Example: FADO.config

Whereas most parameters are self-explanatory, some remarks are provided
below.

######################################################################### Some Notes
#     RESUME : Configuration file for FADO @ JMG!                       #
#########################################################################
#     DO NOT CHANGE THE ORDER OF THESE LINES. A brief description of    #
#     the content is available at the end of the file.                  #
#########################################################################
#  VALUE      #    <VARIABLES>   #      Type #        Units #    Line   #
#########################################################################
Version01     #    [CVersion]    #    string #         ---- #    0009   # Version of config used
10            #    [Fverbose]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0010   # Verbosity level used in case -v is not set (between 0-min and 10-max)
+4020.000     #    [lbd_norm]    #     float #            Å #    0011   # Normalization wavelength
+4000.000     #    [llownorm]    #     float #            Å #    0012   # Lower bound for the normalization window
+4040.000     #    [luppnorm]    #     float #            Å #    0013   # Upper bound for the normalization window
#########################################################################
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#########################################################################
#  VALUE      #     <FLAGS>      #     Type  #        Units #    Line   #
#########################################################################
1             #    [IsErroOn]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0019   # Error (1=On/0=Off). If IsErroOn=0 then an error spectrum is estimated
0             #    [IsFlagOn]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0020   # Planned for future releases
2             #    [IsKinVOn]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0021   # Planned for future releases
0             #    [IsLeakOn]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0022   # Planned for future releases
0             #    [IsMaskOn]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0023   # Planned for future releases
1             #    [IsNEBcOn]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0024   # Nebular continuum emission (1=On/0=Off)
0             #    [IsNEBcPL]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0025   # Planned for future releases
1             #    [IsOutput]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0026   # Output with 2 options (1=FITS,0=No output)
1             #    [IsPlotOn]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0027   # EPS plot generated (1=On,0=Off)
0             #    [IsSkipOn]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0028   # Do not overwrite a previously produced file (1=On,0=Off)
2             #    [Self_Con]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0029   # Self-consistent modes (2=FCmode/1=NCmode/0=STmode)
0             #    [TypeErro]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0030   # Planned for future releases
#########################################################################
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#########################################################################
#  VALUE      #   <PARAMETERS>   #     Type  #        Units #    Line   #
#########################################################################
+0000.500     #    [fnormlow]    #     float #     Fraction #    0036   # Lower bound normalization flux
+0001.500     #    [fnormupp]    #     float #     Fraction #    0037   # Upper bound normalization flux
+0000.000     #    [fpopxlow]    #     float #     Fraction #    0038   # Planned for future releases
+0001.000     #    [fpopxupp]    #     float #     Fraction #    0039   # Planned for future releases
-0000.500     #    [AVredlow]    #     float #          Mag #    0040   # Minimum reddening in the visual band
+0006.000     #    [AVredupp]    #     float #          Mag #    0041   # Maximum reddening in the visual band
-0500.000     #    [v0syslow]    #     float #         km/s #    0042   # Lower bound systemic velocity shift 
+0500.000     #    [v0sysupp]    #     float #         km/s #    0043   # Upper bound systemic velocity shift 
+0000.000     #    [vdsyslow]    #     float #         km/s #    0044   # Lower bound velocity dispersion
+0500.000     #    [vdsysupp]    #     float #         km/s #    0045   # Upper bound velocity dispersion
+0000.000     #    [Fill_low]    #     float #     Fraction #    0046   # Planned for future releases
+0001.000     #    [Fill_upp]    #     float #     Fraction #    0047   # Planned for future releases
+0000.500     #    [Powerlow]    #     float #        index #    0048   # Planned for future releases
+0004.000     #    [Powerupp]    #     float #        index #    0049   # Planned for future releases
#########################################################################
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
######################################################################### The user is recommended to not change the parameters below
#  VALUE      #  <FADO FITTING>  #     Type  #        Units #    Line   # These are technical parameters for the fit
######################################################################### If you are unsure DO NOT CHANGE THESE PARAMETERS
123456        #    [seed_pop]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0055   #
6             #    [Numloops]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0056   #
7             #    [Nindivid]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0057   #
800           #    [Maxitera]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0058   #
6             #    [strategy]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0059   #
1             #    [PAverage]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0060   #
200           #    [Fresresh]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0061   #
-1.000e-15    #    [FitnessV]    #     float #         ---- #    0062   #
+0000.7500    #    [Cruzover]    #     float #         ---- #    0063   #
+0000.8000    #    [Mutation]    #     float #         ---- #    0064   #
+0000.8000    #    [randomCR]    #     float #         ---- #    0065   #
+1.0000e+2    #    [Tinitial]    #     float #         ---- #    0066   #
+1.0000e-3    #    [T_ending]    #     float #         ---- #    0067   #
+1.3000000    #    [PopConvI]    #     float #         ---- #    0068   #
+1.100000     #    [PopConvF]    #     float #         ---- #    0069   #
+0.0600000    #    [Threshold]   #     float #         ---- #    0070   #
#########################################################################
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
######################################################################### The user is recommended to not change the parameters below
#  VALUE      #   <AI LEARNING>  #     Type  #        Units #    Line   #
#########################################################################
1             #    [AI_learn]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0076   # Artificial Intelligence (1:On/0:Off)
360           #    [Ncluster]    #   Integer #         ---- #    0077   # Number of cluster nodes
+000.00001    #    [del_mean]    #     float #   Percentage #    0078   # Mean percentual difference between cluster members
#########################################################################
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#########################################################################
#  VALUE      #     <NEBULAR>    #     Type  #        Units #    Line   #
#########################################################################
10000.000     #    [Telectro]    #     float #       Kelvin #    0084   # Electron temperature
00100.000     #    [Delectro]    #     float #        1/cm³ #    0085   # Electron density
0.0200000     #    [Z_metals]    #     float #      Z=1-x-Y #    0086   # Metallicity of gas
#########################################################################
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# MISCELLANEOUS ######################################################### The user is recommended to not change the parameters below
50            #    [N_chunks]    #   integer #         ---- #    0090   # Number of chunks in smoothing routines 



2) Configuration file for plotting with FADO
   EXAMPLE: PLOT.config

This configuration file controls the graphical storage of the fit results
in EPS format.

######################################################################### Some Notes
#     RESUME : Configuration file and the respective parameters for     #
#              FADO plotting mode. DO NOT ERASE THESE COMMENTS AND/OR   #
#              CHANGE THE ORDER OF THE LINES. A brief description of    #
#              the content is available at the end of the file.         #
#########################################################################
#   Value      #    Variables #         Type #        Units #    Line   # FRAMES 1=FIT,2=SFH Light/Mass Fractions,3=Below the Fit
#########################################################################
000003         #   [m_frames] #      Integer #         ---- #    0009   # Number of frames in the plotting routine (0)
# FRAME 1 ############################################################### 
000001         #   [Best_Fit] #      Integer #         ---- #    0011   # Include best fit (1:On/0:Off)
000002         #   [StellarE] #      Integer #         ---- #    0012   # Include stellar SED (2:All Individuals/1:Best/0:No)
000002         #   [NebularE] #      Integer #         ---- #    0013   # Include nebular SED (2:All Individuals/1:Best/0:No)
000002         #   [AGN____E] #      Integer #         ---- #    0014   # Planned for future releases
000001         #   [Smoothed] #      Integer #         ---- #    0015   # Overlay smoothed continuum (1:On/0:Off)
# FRAME 2 ############################################################### 
000003         #   [SFHpanel] #      Integer #         ---- #    0017   # Planned for future releases
000001         #   [Vertical] #      Integer #         ---- #    0018   # Vertical strips to show base elements (1:On/1:Off)
000000         #   [Frameopt] #      Integer #         ---- #    0019   # Planned for future releases
# FRAME 3 ###############################################################
000001         #   [Sigmaval] #      Integer #         ---- #    0021   # Planned for future releases
000003         #   [Frameopt] #      Integer #         ---- #    0022   # Options (1:Residuals/2:Emission-lines/3:Kinematical windows)
# itextON ###############################################################
000001         #   [itext_ON] #      Integer #         ---- #    0024   # Text with info bellow the Plots (1:On/0:Off)
# Options ###############################################################
000001         #   [icolourZ] #      Integer #         ---- #    0026   #
000001         #   [isfhFADO] #      Integer #         ---- #    0027   # Smoothed representation of the SFH (1:On/0:Off)
auto           #   [TypeSynt] #       string #         ---- #    0028   # Two options (auto, manual) for axes scaling 
# X-Y axes limit ######################################################## 
03500.000      #   [xini_lim] #        float #            Å #    0030   # Lower bound wavelength used if manual is chosen
09500.000      #   [xfin_lim] #        float #            Å #    0031   # Upper bound wavelength used if manual is chosen
00100.000      #   [xt_marks] #        float #            Å #    0032   # Wavelength tickmarks (typically 1/10th of the axis range)
00000.200      #   [yini_lim] #        float #   Normalized #    0033   # Lower bound fluxes in normalized units
00001.500      #   [yfin_lim] #        float #   Normalized #    0034   # Upper bound fluxes in normalized units
00000.200      #   [yt_marks] #        float #   Normalized #    0035   # Flux tickmark steps (typically 1/10th of the axis range)
#        Extra ##########################################################
000001         #   [Redshift] #      Integer #         ---- #    0037   # Planned for future releases
#########################################################################



Appendix B: Description of the spectral modeling output from FADO
-----------------------------------------------------------------

All files are exported as a FITS image (not FITS table format).

**************************************
_1D: One dimensional spectra contains:

                                                                              Brief notes (some self-explanatory) 
FADO_VER:        Generated by FADO v.1 @[Porto-PT/Sousa-BRA 2011-2111]      |
ODIE_VER:        FADO version ---> OdieAuroraJM                             | FADO release version
OBJ_TYPE:        GALAXY - Extragalactic                                     | Fitting scheme optimized for extragalactic objects
SPEC__1D:        Spectra from FADO population synthesis                     | 
ARQ_BASE:        Base.BC03.L                                                | SSPs used
ARQ_CONF:        FADO.config                                                | FADO configuration file
ARQ_MASK:        NONE                                                       | Planned for future versions
R_LAWOPT:        Cardelli, Clayton and Mathis (1988)                        | Reddening law
NUMPARAM:               108                                                 | Total number of parameters used to fit
NUM_BASE:               100                                                 | Number of base elements
NINDIVID:                 7                                                 | Number of individuals (solutions) 
NLEFFECT:              4023                                                 | Number of effective wavelengths
NGLAMBDA:              6001                                                 | Total number of wavelengths
ISNEBCON:                 1                                                 | Nebular continuum
ISNEBCPL:                 0                                                 | Planned for future versions
ISLEAKON:                 0                                                 | Planned for future versions
SELF_CON:                 2                                                 | Self-consistency
CONVERGE:                 1                                                 | Convergence (1:Yes/0:No)
ELAPSEDT:             144.51900000000                                       | Time in seconds for fit
LAMBDA_0:             4020.0000000000                                       | Normalization wavelength
GALSNORM:             46.007000000000                                       | Normalization flux
FLUXUNIT:             0.0000000000000                                       | Flux units in log10
CHI2_VAL:             2905.4890000000                                       | Chi2 value
CHI2_DEV:             0.1000000000000                                       | Chi2 deviations from solutions
CHI2_RED:            0.72200000000000                                       | Reduced chi2
L_DISMPC:            -999.00000000000                                       | Luminosity distance in Mpc (-d option or within the list of files)
OLSYNINI:             3400.0000000000                                       | Inital lambda
OLSYNFIN:             8900.0000000000                                       | Final  lambda
OLSYNDEL:             1.0000000000000                                       | Wavelength stepsize
LAMBDA_I:             3150.0000000000                                       | Borders for convolution - Inital lambda
LAMBDA_F:             9150.0000000000                                       | Borders for convolution - Final  lambda
REDSHIFT:            -0.0100000000000                                       | Redshift determination
REDERROR:             0.0000400000000                                       | Redshift error
ROWNUM01:        Observed spectrum de-redshifted and rebinned               | 
ROWNUM02:        Error spectrum                                             | 
ROWNUM03:        Masked pixels different than zero                          | 
ROWNUM04:        Best fit-FADO pop. synthesis code                          | 
ROWNUM05:        Average of N individual solutions                          | 
ROWNUM06:        Median  of N individual solutions                          | 
ROWNUM07:        Standard deviation using best fit                          | 
ROWNUM08:        Stellar            using best fit                          | 
ROWNUM09:        Nebular            using best fit                          | 
ROWNUM10:        AGN                using best fit                          | Planned for future versions
ROWNUM11:        Mass-2-light ratio from continuum                          | Planned for future versions
ROWNUM12:        Derived FADO Line-spread-function                          | Planned for future versions
ROW13-XX:        Best-fit for individual solutions                          | Individual Solutions


**************************
_EL: Emission-line results
                                                                              Brief notes (some self-explanatory) 
FADO_VER:        Generated by FADO v.1 @[Porto-PT/Sousa-BRA 2011-2111]      |
ODIE_VER:        FADO version ---> OdieAuroraJM                             | FADO release version
OBJ_TYPE:        GALAXY - Extragalactic                                     | Fitting scheme optimized for extragalactic objects
EL__FITS:        Fitted Emission-Lines!                                     | 
ARQ_BASE:        Base.BC03.L                                                | SSPs used
ARQ_CONF:        FADO.config                                                | FADO configuration file
ARQ_MASK:        NONE                                                       | Planned for future versions
R_LAWOPT:        Cardelli, Clayton and Mathis (1988)                        | Reddening law
NE_LINES:                51                                                 | Number of lines that could be fitted
N_PARAMS:                21                                                 | Number of parameters
TOTLINES:              1071                                                 | Total number of parameters used
ISNEBCON:                 1                                                 | Nebular continuum
ISNEBCPL:                 0                                                 | Planned for future versions
ISLEAKON:                 0                                                 | Planned for future versions
SELF_CON:                 2                                                 | Self-consistency
CONVERGE:                 1                                                 | Convergence
FLAG_BPT:                 0                                                 | BPT flag for [NII]/Ha and [OIII]/Hb (0:Pure SF/1:SF/2:Composite/3:LINER/4:Seyfert)
ELAPSEDT:             106.40000000000                                       | Elapsed time in seconds
LAMBDA_0:             4020.0000000000                                       | Normalization wavelength
GALSNORM:             47.580000000000                                       | Flux at the normalization wavelength
FLUXUNIT:             0.0000000000000                                       | Flux units in log10
LOGBN2HA:            -1.9400000000000                                       | log [NII]/Ha
ERRBN2HA:            0.14300000000000E-01                                   | error log [NII]/Ha
LOGBO3HB:            -1.9400000000000                                       | log [OIII]/Hb
ERRBO3HB:            0.14300000000000E-01                                   | error log [OIII]/Hb
TELECTRO:             15150.000000000                                       | Electron temperature
DELECTRO:             171.40000000000                                       | Electron density
GEXTINCT:            0.71940000000000                                       | Stellar extinction
GEXTBDEV:            0.45930000000000E-07                                   | Error associated to stellar extinction
GNEBULAR:             1.2040000000000                                       | Nebular extinction
GNEBBDEV:             0.0000000000000                                       | Error associated to nebular extinction
ORDERPAR:        | Lambda | Amplitude | Sigma | Vel. | shift | Flux | EW |  | Parameters used for fitting emission-lines
ORDERNUM:        |      1 |         2 |     3 |    4 |     5 |    6 |  7 |  |
ROW_NUM1:        Observed  values                                           |
ROW_NUM2:        Observed  errors                                           |
ROW_NUM3:        Predicted values                                           |
BLOCK__1:        Best values X 07                                           |
BLOCK__2:        Mean values X 07                                           |
BLOCK__3:        Median val. X 07                                           | 21 parameters in total for each emission-line fit
EL_____1:        [NeV]    3425.50000      0001--0021                        |
EL_____2:        [OII]    3727.00000      0022--0042                        |
EL_____3:        [OII]    3729.00000      0043--0063                        |
EL_____4:        H12      3750.20000      0064--0084                        |
EL_____5:        H11      3770.60000      0085--0105                        |
EL_____6:        H10      3797.90000      0106--0126                        |
EL_____7:        H9       3835.40000      0127--0147                        |
EL_____8:        [NeIII]  3869.10000      0148--0168                        |
EL_____9:        H8HeI    3889.00000      0169--0189                        |
EL____10:        [NeIII]  3967.80000      0190--0210                        |
EL____11:        Hepsilon 3970.10000      0211--0231                        |
EL____12:        HeI      4026.20000      0232--0252                        |
EL____13:        [SII]    4068.60000      0253--0273                        |
EL____14:        [SII]    4076.30000      0274--0294                        |
EL____15:        Hdelta   4101.70000      0295--0315                        |
EL____16:        Hgamma   4340.50000      0316--0336                        |
EL____17:        [OIII]   4363.20000      0337--0357                        |
EL____18:        HeI      4471.50000      0358--0378                        |
EL____19:        [FeIII]  4658.00000      0379--0399                        |
EL____20:        HeII     4685.70000      0400--0420                        |
EL____21:        [ArIV]   4711.40000      0421--0441                        |
EL____22:        HeI      4713.20000      0442--0462                        |
EL____23:        [ArIV]   4740.20000      0463--0483                        |
EL____24:        Hbeta    4861.30000      0484--0504                        |
EL____25:        HeI      4921.90000      0505--0525                        |
EL____26:        [OIII]   4958.90000      0526--0546                        |
EL____27:        [FeVII]  4988.60000      0547--0567                        |
EL____28:        [OIII]   5006.80000      0568--0588                        |
EL____29:        HeI      5015.70000      0589--0609                        |
EL____30:        [FeVII]  5158.40000      0610--0630                        |
EL____31:        [NI]     5199.10000      0631--0651                        |
EL____32:        [FeIII]  5270.40000      0652--0672                        |
EL____33:        [ClIII]  5519.20000      0673--0693                        |
EL____34:        [NII]    5754.60000      0694--0714                        |
EL____35:        HeI      5875.60000      0715--0735                        |
EL____36:        [FeVII]  6086.30000      0736--0756                        |
EL____37:        [OI]     6300.30000      0757--0777                        |
EL____38:        [SIII]   6312.10000      0778--0798                        |
EL____39:        [OI]     6363.80000      0799--0819                        |
EL____40:        [NII]    6548.00000      0820--0840                        |
EL____41:        Halpha   6562.80000      0841--0861                        |
EL____42:        [NII]    6583.50000      0862--0882                        |
EL____43:        HeI      6678.20000      0883--0903                        |
EL____44:        [SII]    6716.40000      0904--0924                        |
EL____45:        [SII]    6730.80000      0925--0945                        |
EL____46:        HeI      7065.20000      0946--0966                        |
EL____47:        [ArIII]  7135.80000      0967--0987                        |
EL____48:        [OII]    7319.50000      0988--1008                        |
EL____49:        [OII]    7330.20000      1009--1029                        |
EL____50:        [ArIII]  7751.10000      1030--1050                        |
EL____51:        [FeII]   8617.00000      1051--1071                        |                                  


**************************************
_ST: Statistics: By-products from FADO
                                                                              Brief notes (some self-explanatory) 
FADO_VER:        Generated by FADO v.1 @[Porto-PT/Sousa-BRA 2011-2111]      |
ODIE_VER:        FADO version ---> OdieAuroraJM                             |
OBJ_TYPE:        GALAXY - Extragalactic                                     | Fitting scheme optimized for extragalactic objects
ST__FITS:        Statistics & products!                                     | 
ARQ_BASE:        Base.BC03.L                                                | SSPs used
ARQ_CONF:        FADO.config                                                | FADO configuration file
ARQ_MASK:        NONE                                                       |
R_LAWOPT:        Cardelli, Clayton and Mathis (1988)                        | Redenning law
NUMPARAM:               108                                                 | Number of parameters used in the fit
NUM_BASE:               100                                                 | Number of elements in the SSP base
NINDIVID:                 7                                                 | Number of individuals (solutions)
NLEFFECT:              3979                                                 | Number of effective wavelengths
ISNEBCON:                 1                                                 | Nebular continuum
ISNEBCPL:                 0                                                 | Planned for future versions
ISLEAKON:                 0                                                 | Planned for future versions
SELF_CON:                 2                                                 | Self-consistency
FLAG_BPT:                 0                                                 | BPT flag for [NII]/Ha and [OIII]/Hb (0:Pure SF/1:SF/2:Composite/3:LINER/4:Seyfert)
ELAPSEDT:             106.40000000000                                       | Time elapsed in seconds
LAMBDA_0:             4020.0000000000                                       | Normalization wavelength
GALSNORM:             47.580000000000                                       | Flux at the normalization wavelength 
FLUXUNIT:             0.0000000000000                                       | Flux units in log10
L_DISMPC:            -999.00000000000                                       | Luminosity distance in Mpc
TELECTRO:             15150.000000000                                       | Electron temperature
DELECTRO:             171.40000000000                                       | Electron density
GEXTINCT:            0.71940000000000                                       | Stellar extinction - Best value
GEXTBAVE:            0.71940000000000                                       | Stellar extinction - Mean value
GEXTBDEV:            0.45930000000000E-07                                   | Stellar extinction - Standard Deviation
GNEBULAR:             1.2040000000000                                       | Nebular extinction - Best value
GNEBBAVE:             1.2040000000000                                       | Nebular extinction - Mean value
GNEBBDEV:             0.0000000000000                                       | Nebular extinction - Standard Deviation
V0SYSGAL:             48.300000000000                                       | Stellar systemic velocity   - Best value
V0SYSAVE:             48.300000000000                                       | Stellar systemic velocity   - average value
V0SYSDEV:            0.71050000000000E-14                                   | Stellar systemic velocity   - Standard Deviation
VDSYSGAL:             135.70000000000                                       | Stellar velocity dispersion - Best value
VDSYSAVE:             135.70000000000                                       | Stellar velocity dispersion - Mean value
VDSYSDEV:            0.28420000000000E-13                                   | Stellar velocity dispersion - Standard Deviation
V0NEBGAL:             48.300000000000                                       | Planned for future versions
V0NEBAVE:             48.300000000000                                       | Planned for future versions
V0NEBDEV:            0.71050000000000E-14                                   | Planned for future versions
VDNEBGAL:             135.70000000000                                       | Planned for future versions
VDNEBAVE:             135.70000000000                                       | Planned for future versions
VDNEBDEV:            0.28420000000000E-13                                   | Planned for future versions
PRODUCTS:        By-products from the synthesis                             |
MEAN_AGE:        Mean stellar age -------------                             |
BST_LAGE:             1906000.0000000                                       | Mean stellar age weighted by light - Best value
AVE_LAGE:             1906000.0000000                                       | Mean stellar age weighted by light - Mean value
DEV_LAGE:            0.94240000000000E-01                                   | Mean stellar age weighted by light - Standard Deviation
BST_MAGE:             1298000.0000000                                       | Mean stellar age weighted by mass  - Best value
AVE_MAGE:             1298000.0000000                                       | Mean stellar age weighted by mass  - Mean value
DEV_MAGE:            0.45940000000000E-01                                   | Mean stellar age weighted by mass  - Standard Deviation
BSTLLAGE:             6.2100000000000                                       | Mean stellar age logaritmic weighted by light - Best value
AVELLAGE:             6.2100000000000                                       | Mean stellar age logaritmic weighted by light - Mean value
DEVLLAGE:            0.21800000000000E-07                                   | Mean stellar age logaritmic weighted by light - Standard Deviation
BSTLMAGE:             6.0690000000000                                       | Mean stellar age logaritmic weighted by mass  - Best value
AVELMAGE:             6.0690000000000                                       | Mean stellar age logaritmic weighted by mass  - Mean value
DEVLMAGE:            0.10620000000000E-07                                   | Mean stellar age logaritmic weighted by mass  - Standard Deviation
MEAN_MET:        Mean stellar metallicity -----                             |
BST_LMET:            0.23290000000000E-01                                   | Mean stellar metallicity weighted by light - Best value
AVE_LMET:            0.23290000000000E-01                                   | Mean stellar metallicity weighted by light - Mean value
DEV_LMET:            0.20080000000000E-08                                   | Mean stellar metallicity weighted by light - Standard Deviation
BST_MMET:            0.10340000000000E-01                                   | Mean stellar metallicity weighted by mass  - Best value
AVE_MMET:            0.10340000000000E-01                                   | Mean stellar metallicity weighted by mass  - Mean value
DEV_MMET:            0.98060000000000E-09                                   | Mean stellar metallicity weighted by mass  - Standard Deviation
MASSEVER:        Mass ever formed -------------                             |
LOGMEBST:             22.270000000000                                       | Logarithm of mass ever formed - Best value
LOGMEAVE:             22.270000000000                                       | Logarithm of mass ever formed - Mean value
LOGMEDEV:            0.16230000000000E-07                                   | Logarithm of mass ever formed - Standard Deviation
MASSCORR:        Mass presently available -----                             |
LOGMCBST:             22.260000000000                                       | Logarithm of mass presently available - Best value
LOGMCAVE:             22.260000000000                                       | Logarithm of mass presently available - Mean value
LOGMCDEV:            0.16230000000000E-07                                   | Logarithm of mass presently available - Standard Deviation
ME__PAGB:        Mass ever formed pAGB --------                             |
LOGPEBST:            -999.00000000000                                       | Logarithm of mass ever formed from stellar populations with ages > 1 Myr - Best value
LOGPEAVE:            -999.00000000000                                       | Logarithm of mass ever formed from stellar populations with ages > 1 Myr - Mean value
LOGPEDEV:            -999.00000000000                                       | Logarithm of mass ever formed from stellar populations with ages > 1 Myr - Standard Deviation
MC__PAGB:        Mass presently available pAGB                              |
LOGPCBST:            -999.00000000000                                       | Logarithm of mass presently available from stellar populations with ages > 1 Myr - Best value
LOGPCAVE:            -999.00000000000                                       | Logarithm of mass presently available from stellar populations with ages > 1 Myr - Mean value
LOGPCDEV:            -999.00000000000                                       | Logarithm of mass presently available from stellar populations with ages > 1 Myr - Standard Deviation
LOG____L:        Total luminosity at l0 -------                             |
LOG_LGAL:             28.830000000000                                       | Total luminosity at the normalization wavelength - Best value
LOG_LAVE:             28.830000000000                                       | Total luminosity at the normalization wavelength - Mean value
LOG_LDEV:            0.35530000000000E-14                                   | Total luminosity at the normalization wavelength - Standard Deviation
LUM_1GYR:        Total luminosity at l0 <1 Gyr                              |
LBST1GYR:             20.710000000000                                       | Total luminosity at the normalization wavelength for ages < 1 Gyr - Best value
LAVE1GYR:             20.710000000000                                       | Total luminosity at the normalization wavelength for ages < 1 Gyr - Mean value
LDEV1GYR:            0.10470000000000E-07                                   | Total luminosity at the normalization wavelength for ages < 1 Gyr - Standard Deviation
LUM_5GYR:        Total luminosity at l0 <5 Gyr                              |
LBST5GYR:             20.710000000000                                       | Total luminosity at the normalization wavelength for ages < 5 Gyr - Best value
LAVE5GYR:             20.710000000000                                       | Total luminosity at the normalization wavelength for ages < 5 Gyr - Mean value
LDEV5GYR:            0.10470000000000E-07                                   | Total luminosity at the normalization wavelength for ages < 5 Gyr - Standard Deviation
LOG___QH:        # of ionizing photons H ------                             |
BSTLOGQH:             69.360000000000                                       | Logarithm of the number of ionizing photons for Hydrogen - Best value
AVELOGQH:             69.360000000000                                       | Logarithm of the number of ionizing photons for Hydrogen - Mean value
DEVLOGQH:            0.47630000000000E-07                                   | Logarithm of the number of ionizing photons for Hydrogen - Standard Deviation
LOG_QHEI:        # of ionizing photons HeI ----                             |
BLG_QHEI:             68.920000000000                                       | Logarithm of the number of ionizing photons for Helium I - Best value
ALG_QHEI:             68.920000000000                                       | Logarithm of the number of ionizing photons for Helium I - Mean value
DLG_QHEI:            0.44950000000000                                       | Logarithm of the number of ionizing photons for Helium I - Standard Deviation
LOGQHEII:        # of ionizing photons HeII ---                             |
BLGQHEII:             66.500000000000                                       | Logarithm of the number of ionizing photons for Helium II - Best value
ALGQHEII:             66.500000000000                                       | Logarithm of the number of ionizing photons for Helium II - Mean value
DLGQHEII:             2.8660000000000                                       | Logarithm of the number of ionizing photons for Helium II - Standard Deviation
BALMER_P:        Predicted --------------------                             |
FBST__HA:             728.40000000000                                       | Flux of Halpha predicted - Best value (in the flux units of the input spectrum)
FAVE__HA:             728.40000000000                                       | Flux of Halpha predicted - Mean value
FDEV__HA:            0.28860000000000E-04                                   | Flux of Halpha predicted - Standard Deviation
EWBST_HA:             2125.0000000000                                       | Equivalent-width of Halpha predicted - Best value
EWAVE_HA:             2125.0000000000                                       | Equivalent-width of Halpha predicted - Mean value
EWDEV_HA:            0.69320000000000E-04                                   | Equivalent-width of Halpha predicted - Standard Deviation
FBST__HB:             183.40000000000                                       | Flux of Hbeta predicted - Best value                    
FAVE__HB:             183.40000000000                                       | Flux of Hbeta predicted - Mean value                    
FDEV__HB:            0.72670000000000E-05                                   | Flux of Hbeta predicted - Standard Deviation            
EWBST_HB:             346.90000000000                                       | Equivalent-width of Hbeta predicted - Best value        
EWAVE_HB:             346.90000000000                                       | Equivalent-width of Hbeta predicted - Mean value        
EWDEV_HB:            0.14610000000000E-04                                   | Equivalent-width of Hbeta predicted - Standard Deviation
BALMER_O:        Observed ---------------------                             |
FOBST_HA:             725.60000000000                                       | Flux of Halpha observed - Best value
FOAVE_HA:             725.60000000000                                       | Flux of Halpha observed - Mean value
FOMED_HA:             725.60000000000                                       | Flux of Halpha observed - Median value
FOBSTEHA:             7.0390000000000                                       | Flux error of Halpha observed - Best value
FOAVEEHA:             7.0390000000000                                       | Flux error of Halpha observed - Mean value
FOMEDEHA:             7.0390000000000                                       | Flux error of Halpha observed - Median value
EOBST_HA:             2118.0000000000                                       | Equivalent-width of Halpha observed - Best value
EOAVE_HA:             2118.0000000000                                       | Equivalent-width of Halpha observed - Mean value
EOMED_HA:             2118.0000000000                                       | Equivalent-width of Halpha observed - Median value
EOBSTEHA:             25.250000000000                                       | Equivalent-width errors of Halpha observed - Best value
EOAVEEHA:             25.250000000000                                       | Equivalent-width errors of Halpha observed - Mean value
EOMEDEHA:             25.250000000000                                       | Equivalent-width errors of Halpha observed - Median value
FOBST_HB:             177.50000000000                                       | Flux of Hbeta observed - Best value                     
FOAVE_HB:             177.50000000000                                       | Flux of Hbeta observed - Mean value                     
FOMED_HB:             177.50000000000                                       | Flux of Hbeta observed - Median value                   
FOBSTEHB:             1.6560000000000                                       | Flux error of Hbeta observed - Best value               
FOAVEEHB:             1.6560000000000                                       | Flux error of Hbeta observed - Mean value               
FOMEDEHB:             1.6560000000000                                       | Flux error of Hbeta observed - Median value             
EOBST_HB:             337.00000000000                                       | Equivalent-width of Hbeta observed - Best value         
EOAVE_HB:             336.90000000000                                       | Equivalent-width of Hbeta observed - Mean value         
EOMED_HB:             336.70000000000                                       | Equivalent-width of Hbeta observed - Median value       
EOBSTEHB:             6.8500000000000                                       | Equivalent-width errors of Hbeta observed - Best value  
EOAVEEHB:             6.8460000000000                                       | Equivalent-width errors of Hbeta observed - Mean value  
EOMEDEHB:             6.8400000000000                                       | Equivalent-width errors of Hbeta observed - Median value
TAURATIO:        Predicted / Observed ---------                             | 
TAU__BST:             2.4960000000000                                       | Best tau-ratio (Predicted/Observed Halpha luminosities)
TAU__AVE:             2.4960000000000                                       | Mean tau-ratio (Predicted/Observed Halpha luminosities)
TAU__DEV:            0.98910000000000E-07                                   | Standard Deviation tau-ratio (Predicted/Observed Halpha luminosities)
TAU__EXT:        Pred. ext. corr. / Observed --                             |
TAURDBST:             1.0040000000000                                       | Best tau-ratio (Predicted/Observed Halpha luminosities) - Extinction corrected fluxes
TAURDAVE:             1.0040000000000                                       | Mean tau-ratio (Predicted/Observed Halpha luminosities) - Extinction corrected fluxes
TAURDDEV:            0.39770000000000E-07                                   | Standard Deviation tau-ratio (Predicted/Observed Halpha luminosities) - Extinction corrected fluxes
TAU_PAGB:        Pred. pAGB / Observed --------                             |
TAUP_BST:             0.0000000000000                                       | Best tau-ratio for post-AGB stars (Predicted/Observed Halpha luminosities)
TAUP_AVE:             0.0000000000000                                       | Mean tau-ratio for post-AGB stars (Predicted/Observed Halpha luminosities)
TAUP_DEV:             0.0000000000000                                       | Standard Deviation tau-ratio for post-AGB stars (Predicted/Observed Halpha luminosities)
TAUEPAGB:        Pred. pAGB ext. / Observed ---                             |
TAUPEBST:             0.0000000000000                                       | Best tau-ratio for post-AGB stars (Predicted/Observed Halpha luminosities) - Extinction corrected fluxes
TAUPEAVE:             0.0000000000000                                       | Mean tau-ratio for post-AGB stars (Predicted/Observed Halpha luminosities) - Extinction corrected fluxes
TAUPEDEV:             0.0000000000000                                       | Standard Deviation tau-ratio for post-AGB stars (Predicted/Observed Halpha luminosities) - Extinction corrected fluxes
PSI_EVAL:        Observed - Predicted pAGB ----                             |
PSI__BST:             725.60000000000                                       | Planned for future versions
PSI__AVE:             725.60000000000                                       | Planned for future versions
PSI__DEV:            0.11370000000000E-12                                   | Planned for future versions
PSIEEVAL:        Observed - Predicted pAGB ext.                             |
PSIRDBST:             725.60000000000                                       | Planned for future versions
PSIRDAVE:             725.60000000000                                       | Planned for future versions
PSIRDDEV:            0.11370000000000E-12                                   | Planned for future versions
ZETAEVAL:        predicted young / psi --------                             |
ZETA_BST:             1.0040000000000                                       | Planned for future versions
ZETA_AVE:             1.0040000000000                                       | Planned for future versions
ZETA_DEV:            0.39770000000000E-07                                   | Planned for future versions
ZETA_EXT:        predicted young ext. / psi ---                             |
ZETAEBST:             1.0040000000000                                       | Planned for future versions
ZETAEAVE:             1.0040000000000                                       | Planned for future versions
ZETAEDEV:            0.39770000000000E-07                                   | Planned for future versions
ROWNUM_1:        Luminosity weighted mean stellar age                       | The following rows in the FITs file contains each individual solution
ROWNUM_2:        Mass weighted mean stellar age                             |
ROWNUM_3:        Luminosity weighted mean stellar age (LOG)                 |
ROWNUM_4:        Mass weighted mean stellar age (LOG)                       |
ROWNUM_5:        Luminosity weighted mean stellar metallicity               |
ROWNUM_6:        Mass weighted mean stellar metallicity                     |
ROWNUM_7:        Mass ever formed                                           |
ROWNUM_8:        Mass presently available                                   |
ROWNUM_9:        Mass ever formed pAGB                                      |
ROWNUM10:        Mass presently available pAGB                              |
ROWNUM11:        Mass ever formed < 1 Gyr                                   |
ROWNUM12:        Mass presently available < 1 Gyr                           |
ROWNUM13:        Mass ever formed < 5 Gyr                                   |
ROWNUM14:        Mass presently available < 5 Gyr                           |
ROWNUM15:        Total Luminosity at lambda0                                |
ROWNUM16:        Total Luminosity from stars < 1 Gyr at l0                  |
ROWNUM17:        Total Luminosity from stars < 5 Gyr at l0                  |
ROWNUM18:        chi2                                                       |
ROWNUM19:        Sum pop X                                                  |
ROWNUM20:        Sum pop M                                                  |
ROWNUM21:        Stellar extinction                                         |
ROWNUM22:        Nebular extinction                                         |
ROWNUM23:        Systemic velocity stars                                    |
ROWNUM24:        Velocity dispersion stars                                  |
ROWNUM25:        Systemic velocity nebular                                  |
ROWNUM26:        Velocity dispersion nebular                                |
ROWNUM27:        log Q(H)                                                   |
ROWNUM28:        log Q(HeI)                                                 |
ROWNUM29:        log Q(HeII)                                                |
ROWNUM30:        log Q(H) pAGB                                              |
ROWNUM31:        tau ratio                                                  |
ROWNUM32:        tau ratio corrected for extinction                         |
ROWNUM33:        tau ratio pAGB                                             |
ROWNUM34:        tau ratio pAGB corrected for extinction                    |
ROWNUM35:        Psi                                                        |
ROWNUM36:        Psi corrected for extinction                               |
ROWNUM37:        zeta                                                       |
ROWNUM38:        zeta corrected for extinction                              |
ROW__FLS:        39-43 ==> Fluxes predicted                                 |
ROW__EWS:        44-48 ==> EWs predicted                                    |
ROWFPAGB:        49-53 ==> Fluxes predicted from pAGB                       |


**************************************
_DE: Differential evolution parameters

                                                                              Brief notes (some self-explanatory) 
FADO_VER:        Generated by FADO v.1 @[Porto-PT/Sousa-BRA 2011-2111]      |
ODIE_VER:        FADO version ---> OdieAuroraJM	                           |
OBJ_TYPE:        GALAXY - Extragalactic                                     |
POPX_VEC:        Pop. vector --> Arrays                                     | Population vector arrays
ARQ_BASE:        Base.BC03.L                                                |
ARQ_CONF:        FADO.config                                                |
ARQ_MASK:        NONE                                                       |
R_LAWOPT:        Cardelli, Clayton and Mathis (1988)                        | Redenning law
NUMPARAM:               108                                                 | Number of parameters for the fit
NUM_BASE:               100                                                 | Number of SSPs used
NINDIVID:                 7                                                 | Number of individuals (solutions)
NLEFFECT:              3979                                                 | Number of effective wavelengths
ISNEBCON:                 1                                                 | Nebular continuum
ISNEBCPL:                 0                                                 | Planned for future versions
ISLEAKON:                 0                                                 | Planned for future versions
SELF_CON:                 2                                                 | Self-consistency
FLAG_BPT:                 0                                                 | BPT flag for [NII]/Ha and [OIII]/Hb (0:Pure SF/1:SF/2:Composite/3:LINER/4:Seyfert)
ELAPSEDT:             106.40000000000                                       | Time elapsed in seconds
LAMBDA_0:             4020.0000000000                                       | Normalization wavelength
GALSNORM:             47.580000000000                                       | Flux at the normalization wavelength
FLUXUNIT:             0.0000000000000                                       | Flux units in log10
L_DISMPC:            -999.00000000000                                       | Luminosity distance in Mpc
TELECTRO:             15150.000000000                                       | Electron temperature
DELECTRO:             171.40000000000                                       | Electron density
GEXTINCT:            0.71940000000000                                       | Stellar extinction - Best value
GEXTBDEV:            0.45930000000000E-07                                   | Stellar extinction - Standard Deviation
GNEBULAR:             1.2040000000000                                       | Nebular extinction - Best value
GNEBBDEV:             0.0000000000000                                       | Nebular extinction - Standard Deviation
V0SYSGAL:             48.300000000000                                       | Stellar systemic velocity - Best value
V0SYSDEV:            0.71050000000000E-14                                   | Stellar systemic velocity - Standard Deviation
VDSYSGAL:             135.70000000000                                       | Stellar velocity dispersion - Best value
VDSYSDEV:            0.28420000000000E-13                                   | Stellar velocity dispersion - Standard Deviation
V0NEBGAL:             48.300000000000                                       | Planned for future versions
V0NEBDEV:            0.71050000000000E-14                                   | Planned for future versions
VDNEBGAL:             135.70000000000                                       | Planned for future versions
VDNEBDEV:            0.28420000000000E-13                                   | Planned for future versions
ORDERP_1:        | SSP Comp.1    | ... | SSP Comp.100   |                   | Order of SSP contributions and parameters for individual solutions
ORDERN_1:        |             1 | ... |            100 |                   |
ORDERP_2:        | Neb Comp.101  |                                          |
ORDERN_2:        |           101 |                                          |
ORDERP_3:        | P_L Comp.XXXX |                                          |
ORDERN_3:        |          XXXX |                                          |
ORDERP_4:        | Stellar Ext.  |                                          |
ORDERN_4:        |           102 |                                          |
ORDERP_5:        | Nebular Ext.  |                                          |
ORDERN_5:        |           103 |                                          |
ORDERP_6:        | Sys. stellar  |                                          |
ORDERN_6:        |           104 |                                          |
ORDERP_7:        | Sig. stellar  |                                          |
ORDERN_7:        |           105 |                                          |
ORDERP_8:        | Sys. nebular  |                                          |
ORDERN_8:        |           106 |                                          |
ORDERP_9:        | Sig. nebular  |                                          |
ORDERN_9:        |           107 |                                          |
ORDERP10:        | Fill. Factor  |                                          |
ORDERN10:        |          XXXX |                                          |
ROWNUM_1:        Best solution - Light fractions                            |
ROWNUM_2:        Mean solution - Light fractions                            |
ROWNUM_3:        Med. solution - Light fractions                            |
ROWNUM_4:        Standard deviation - Light pop.                            |
ROWNUM_5:        Best solution - Mass  corrected                            |
ROWNUM_6:        Mean solution - Mass  corrected                            |
ROWNUM_7:        Med. solution - Mass  corrected                            |
ROWNUM_8:        Standard deviation - Mass  cor.                            |
ROWNUM_9:        Best solution - Mass     formed                            |
ROWNUM10:        Mean solution - Mass     formed                            |
ROWNUM11:        Med. solution - Mass     formed                            |
ROWNUM12:        Standard deviation - Mass  for.                            |
ROWS_LUM:        13-20 ==> Individual PV solutions - Light                  | PV = Population vector
ROWSMCOR:        21-27 ==> Individual PV solutions - Mass corrected         |
ROWSMFOR:        28-34 ==> Individual PV solutions - Mass    formed         |
BASEPOPX:        35 ==> Single solution from one single spectrum            |
BASECHI2:        36 ==> Single solution from one single spectrum            |
BASEADEV:        37 ==> Single solution from one single spectrum            |
BASEGEXT:        38 ==> Single solution from one single spectrum            |
ROWS_AGE:        39 ==> Age of base elements                                |
ROWSLAGE:        40 ==> Log of age--SSP base                                |
ROWS_MET:        41 ==> Metallicity of base elements                        |
ROWS_ALP:        42 ==> Alpha enhancement of base elements                  | Planned for future versions


Appendix C: Description of the contents of the distribution tar file FADO_v1.tar.gz
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The FADO v.1 distribution package contains the binary (executable), three
example galaxies: star-forming, composite and LINER, one SSP library called
Base.BC03.L. The binary is compiled in both OpenSuSE 13.2 64bit LINUX (FADO) 
and MAC OS X (FADO_MACOSX). The former is compatible with most LINUX distributions, 
while the latter was only tested for Yosemite10.10.3.

When the tarball is extracted one should have the following files and
directories:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   SIZE (bytes)      FILES                 | Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7234080              FADO                  | FADO binary (executable) LINUX
   6664              FADO.config           | FADO config file for the fitting
7003036              FADO_MACOSX           | FADO binary (executable) MAC OS X
  66020              grfont.dat            | FONTS for PGPLOT
 557436              grfont.txt            | FONTS for PGPLOT
 324993              .HeIfboundem.ascii    | Auxiliary file for running FADO
  44222              .HeII_fbound.ascii    | Auxiliary file for running FADO
  21286              .HIfbound_em.ascii    | Auxiliary file for running FADO
   4096              input                 | Directory with 3 SDSS-DR7 spectra
   4096              output                | Empty directory for output
   2815              PLOT.config           | FADO plotting configuration file
   4096              plots                 | Empty directory for plots
   4096              Readme                | Short manual Read_F and ReadMe
  12288              SSPs                  | SSPs and base file Base.BC03.L
   4096              tables                | Empty directory for tables
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* Three characteristic SDSS DR7 spectra corresponding to a star-forming
  (spec1.txt), composite (spec2.txt) and LINER (spec3.txt) galaxy. These files
  are two-column ascii format. One ascii table (List) with the name,
  luminosity distance in Mpc and FWHM resolution.

Byte-by-byte Description of the three SDSS-DR7 spectra: spec1.txt, spec2.txt
                                                      & spec3.txt 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes  Format    Units                Label         Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1 - 5  F4.1      Å                    Wavelength    ---
   11-21  F6.1      1e-17 erg/(s*cm**2)  Fluxes        ---
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Byte-by-byte Description of the file: List
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes  Format    Units                Label         Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1 - 8  A9        ---                  Spectrum      ---
   10-15  F3.2      Mpc                  Distance      ---
   17-20  F1.2        Å                  Resolution    FWHM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Acknowledgements: jean @ astro.up.pt and papaderos @ astro.up.pt
================================================================================
